not available - 3379 Words

Final Exam Multiple Choice Review Questions (15%) CHAPTER 9 1. Facilities that rent shared space, services and management only to new businesses are called a. industrial parks. b. community development centers. c. shopping centers. d. business incubators. REF: p. 268 4. A good reason for relocating a typical manufacturing business is to a. stabilize income taxes. b. increase customer traffic. c. be closer to raw materials. d. provide free-flow space. REF: p. 267 6. For small service or retail businesses, the top priority in location decisions is a. personal preference. b. resource availability. c. customer accessibility. d. environmental conditions. REF: p. 264 7. Basic considerations that enter into the selection†¦show more content†¦Acquisition costs for new customers are huge. b. New customers spend more money than long-time customers. c. Order processing costs are lower for new customers. d. All of these. REF: p. 411 7. A basic idea forming the foundation of customer loyalty for small firms include the notion that a. superior customer service always leads to customer purchases. b. customer loyalty will mean constant customer satisfaction. c. small firms possess great potential for providing superior customer service. d. customer satisfaction is being ignored by large firms. REF: p. 412 10. Most customer service problems are identified by a. personal observation. b. outside consultants. c. customer complaints. d. entries in a suggestion box. REF: p. 417 29. Consumer tension that occurs immediately following a purchase is referred to as a. cognitive dissonance. b. post-purchase satisfaction. c. cognitive assessment. d. post-decisional distress. REF: p. 427 33. In what stage of the consumer decision making process is Josh when he becomes concerned if the video game he downloaded will be enjoyed by his friends? a. information search and evaluation b. need recognition c. post-purchase evaluation d. purchase decision REF: p. 427 36. Individual processes that ultimately give meaning to stimuli that confront consumers are known as a. perceptions. b. motivations. c. attitudes. d. opinions. p. 428 37. An enduring opinion that is based on a combination ofShow MoreRelatedSolving The Mortgage Products Are Available1257 Words   |  6 PagesTo understand what mortgage products are available, it is worthwhile to understand what they are comprised of; the repayment type and the interest rate. There are also taxes, lender fees and other costs. Firstly, mortgages vary by how you repay the capital, or money borrowed. There are three types of repayment plan: repayment, interest-only, or a hybrid of the two. In addition to the repayment, there is interest that the lender charges you to borrow capital. It comes in three types: fixed rate, trackerRead MoreClimatic Characteristics And Rainfall Distribution Of The Experimental Area Essay832 Words   |  4 Pagesapparatus by applying a suction of 0.33 and 15 bars respectively to a saturated soil sample. The observed soil moisture content at FC and PWP was varied with soil depth between 25.82 to 39.63 and 16.22 to 28.7%, respectively on vo lume basis. The total available water (TAW) that is the amount of water that a crop can extract from its root zone was directly related to variation in FC and PWP. As a result, the high value of TAW was found in the soil depth of 60 to 90 cm; whereas the minimum values were observedRead MoreApplication Irrigation Water For Crop Essay3003 Words   |  13 Pagesof crop which needs careful consideration. A crop gets its water by its root. Irrigation water is required when the soil is unable to supply moisture to crop.The objective of irrigation is to keep adequate water available to crops, or if water is in short supply, to use what is available most effectively (Miller and Donahue, 1997). Determination of an irrigation schedule or time of application of water is a complicated process. The computer programs have made it simple and easy. Using the methods/toolsRead MoreHow Is Technology Available At Mdc1205 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology Available at MHC The printers available in CADD lab are based on fused metal depositing as I have already discussed in last topic. In this technique filament is used in the form of wire and it is extruded through a nozzle which can move horizontally as well as vertically. Software present in the computer mainly controls its movement. I want to highlight some of the features of printer available in CADD lab. Versatile dual extruder – There are no limits to your creativity with FlashForgeRead MoreExamples Of Commercially Available Tools883 Words   |  4 PagesCommercially Available Tools Before the advent of the Internet and telecommuting, producing a group project primarily required face-to-face communication. At the very least, numerous phone calls and misunderstandings likely made the process more trouble than it was worth. Luckily, in today’s advanced technological workplace, employees have dozens of options to choose from for instant communication of ideas, as well as many options for file storage and sharing. One very useful tool that allows usersRead MoreBirth Control: Available to Teens? Essay647 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Abstinence hasn’t worked for thousands of years as a reliable way to avoid teen pregnancy† (qtd. in Grundy). Howland and Grundy argue that abstinence has not worked in the past, and will continue not to, therefore; birth control should become available to teens. Without birth control, sexually active teens will put themselves at a higher danger for disease and pregnancy. In the article, â€Å"Facts on American Teens’ Sexual and Reproductive Health† the author declares that without contraceptives, teenagersRead More The Need for Available Contraceptives Essay2002 Words   |  9 PagesThe Need for Available Contraceptives With each miraculous birth the world’s population heads further towards destruction due to overpopulation. Globally, the population is increasing at a rate of 1 billion every decade, a rate that mankind has never seen before (Bongaarts). Most of this huge increase in population is in developing countries where the population is currently 4.3 billion and is expected to more than double within the next hundred years (Bongaarts). Considering that theRead MoreThe Shortfall Of Available Nurses In The Healthcare Industry.1339 Words   |  6 Pages The shortfall of available nurses in the healthcare industry Noora Alsalmi Barry University â€Æ' Abstract In recent years, there has been increasing pressure on nurses in hospitals due to the fact there is no enough nurses in the US public and private hospitals. The causes that drove nurses away in the health industry are a lot. The low payment, the hard work condition, and the increasing complex health technology are some examples of these causes. This report has discussed the problemRead MoreFinancial Resources Available To The Government Due To1593 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial resources available to the government due to conduct a sale in some units owned and lead to the retreat of the responsibility the state budget for financing investments, and increase productivity the quantity and quality of the availability of better methods of management. Al-Laham, et al. (2009) studied the Development of Electronic Money and Its Impact on the Central Bank Role and Monetary Policy. This paper depends on analytical method at determining the impact of the development ofRead MoreEthical Judgements Limit the Methods Available1400 Words   |  6 Pagesjudgements applied in the methods of the production of knowledge. The ethical judgements in Literature refers to how the messages are communicated through the published work. As a result of these judgements, banned literature limits the knowledge available for the students. Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a book I read in my grade 10 English class. This book is banned in some countries because of its themes about sex, inappropriate language and the character’s rebellious acts against the adult

The Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children And...

One of the hottest issues in the media in the past decade is violence in video games and how violent video games influence aggressive and violent behavior in children and adolescents. Some psychologists believe violent video games influence violent behavior in children through social learning and modeling behaviors after characters in video games that â€Å"glorify† violence and criminals (Schultz Schultz, 2013, p. 331). Other psychologists argue that other factors, such as poor socioeconomic status and negligent parents, are the main factors of violence in children and adolescents instead of video games. However, many studies have found varying levels of correlation between video games and violence in adolescents and children, and no study has found violent video games to be the cause of violent behavior. Research Studies Overview First, the research article â€Å"I Wish I Were a Warrior: The Role of Wishful Identification in the Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggression in Adolescent Boys† sought to figure out if adolescent boys who identify with violent characters in violent video games are more likely to experience increased aggressive behavior that boys who play violent video games without relating to violent characters (Konijn, Bijvank, Bushman, American Psychology Association, 2007). The study focuses on social learning and the wishful identification, or seeking out models that have traits a person wishes emulate, and explains that video game characters have many traitsShow MoreRelatedViolent Video Games : Positive And Negative Effects On Children And Adolescents774 Words   |  4 Pagesgaming systems, violent video games have become well-liked by children and adolescents. The playing of violent video games has always been a controversial topic, but in recent years it has become a heated debate. Whether the playing of these games desensitize the player or not. Video games have been around since the late 1970s, however violent video games were introduced in the 1990s. In recent years the violence in games have increased along with the enhanced graphics making the games more realisticRead MoreViolent Video Games Essay889 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å" Video game violence has become a highly politicized issue for scientists and the general public † ( Ferguson, 2007 p309). The video game is always controversial as some of them contain sexual and violence and so on. Especially some violence games were played by the adolescents. Adolescents are very fragility. Violent video games are negative for the children which will impact their social relationship, their health and make them has aggressive behavior. First violent video games will impactRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Adolescents844 Words   |  4 Pages With all of the effects of violent video games leaning more towards the negatives, better regulation is required to keep out of adolescents’ hands. In order to keep violent video games from adolescents reach, a detailed and eye-catching label put across the game covers will be beneficial to the problem. By applying this to all video games that fit into the description of violent video games, parents will be more aware of the effect of video games on adolescents as well as be easier to read and beRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children902 Words   |  4 PagesThe lives of adolescents consist of indulging themselves with some form of an activity that occupies their restless minds. Violent video games are a conflict in modern day society because children are witnessing harsh behaviors that are conditioning them to believe it is acceptable to commi t these actions displayed before their eyes. There are many health effects that are involved with participating in these products of entertainment such as an increase in aggression, poor social skills and the formationRead MoreViolent Video Games Harmful On Children And Adolescents861 Words   |  4 PagesViolent Video Games Are Harmful to Children and Adolescents. There is overwhelming scientific research that suggests that playing violent video games are harmful to children and adolescents. The scientific evidence has uncovered several areas in the development of children and adolescent that are negatively impacted because of the exposure to and playing of violent video games. Some of the key areas that are negatively affected include brain activity, stress levels and behavior. Playing violentRead MoreAdolescent Aggression Based on Violent Videogames1645 Words   |  7 PagesAdolescent Aggression Based on Violent Videogames Violent video games played by millions of people every day results in animated characters having hearts ripped out, heads decapitated, and blood squirting across the screen as their mutilated bodies are erased from the screen. Most players play these games to pass the time, increase hand eye coordination, and create harmless competitions amongst those playing. However, some who play these games are entranced by the violent aggressive behaviorsRead MoreBanning Violent Video Games On Children1545 Words   |  7 Pages Banning Violent Video Games A child is killing police officers. A teenager is hiring prostitutes to potentially kill them. He is using weapons such as guns, chainsaws, and knives to kill and commit horrible crimes. Thousands of children and teens participate in these actions daily. How? Violent Video games such as Doom, Call of Duty, and Grand Theft Auto are just a few of the games that are full of these awful actions. The Harvard Mental Health Letter states, â€Å"The Pew Research Center reportedRead MoreViolent Video Games Effects On Society988 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games have been around for half a century, when the first simple tennis game was designed by William Higinbotham in 1958. Since then, video games have gotten more in depth, and now include the best graphics and a vast amount of options which include violent video games. Violent video games have gotten more popular with the vast amount of variety including the franchise of Call of Duty, Battlefield, and Grand Theft Auto. In addition, these are the most common and sought after video games, andRead MoreViolent Media And Its Impact On Aggression1544 Words   |  7 PagesViolent Media and Its Impact On Aggression In Adolescence In recent trends, adolescents in the United States are now experiencing an explosive rise in the usage of technology. There have been many technological advances since the 20th century such as the invention of the Internet, cellular devices, and other screens. However, the new generation of adolescents in America; the â€Å"millennials,† are the ones living through and experiencing this new economy and lifestyle. Millennials and many other youngRead MoreThe Effects Of Playing Video Games On Adolescents1554 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 2016 Adolescents Playing Video Games An Issue Analysis Essay Introduction: Are there people who have never played video games at least once in their adolescence? You might recall some happy memories of playing video games with your best friends or that your parents punished you because you spent a lot of time playing video games. Most school teachers and parents are apt to think that playing video games in adolescence might only have negative impacts on adolescents. Playing video games is considered

Farmers Perception of Organic Farming in Selected Local free essay sample

The study investigated farmers’ perception of organic farming in selected Local Government Areas of Ekiti State, Nigeria, with the specific objectives of assessing the demographic characteristics of farmers, identifying the major crops grown by the farmers, assessing farmers’ sources of information on organic farming, examining farmers’ knowledge of organic farming, as well as assessing farmers’ perception about organic farming. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 160 farmers in the study area. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and Chi-square. Results obtained show that farmers in the study area are mostly male with a mean age of 53. 8 years, married, and have formal education. Crops grown by the farmers include: maize, yam, cassava, plantain, vegetables, and tomato. Farmers’ sources of information on organic farming are radio, extension agents, television, newspapers, farmers association, fellow farmers, and relatives. Their most preferred sources of information are Mobile phones and radio. Farmers in the study area have a high knowledge of organic farming and favourable perception towards organic farming. We will write a custom essay sample on Farmers Perception of Organic Farming in Selected Local or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Results further show that significant relationships exist between sources of information on organic farming and farmers’ perception of organic farming, as well as knowledge of organic farming and farmers’ perception of organic farming. These imply that those who have more access to information on organic farming tend to have a favourable perception towards organic farming than those who have less access to information on organic farming. In the same vein, the farmers with high knowledge of organic farming tend to have a favourable perception towards organic farming than those who have little knowledge of organic farming. Policy recommendations emanating from the study are: active involvement of youths and women in organic crop production, improvement of information sources on organic farming, and enlightenments on various organic methods of weed, pest and disease control through the regular sources of information on organic farming. Farmers should be motivated through credit facilities and discouragement of inorganic farming in order to ensure sustainable production of food, since the farmers have a favourable perception towards organic farming. Key words: Knowledge, Perception, Organic farming, Sources of Information Introduction The mainstay of the Nigerian economy since independence is agriculture, as it accounts for over 38 percent of the non-oil foreign exchange earnings and employs about 70% of the active labour force of the population (BPE, 2004). Despite this level of involvement in agricultural production in Nigeria, the food produced can no longer meet the demand of the the fast growing population of the country. Attempts to increase food production in the country have brought about the expansion of farming area, as well as an increase in the use of agro-chemicals, the long-term effect of which does not support sustainable agriculture. In an attempt to promote organic agriculture and ensure the production of agricultural goods at a sustainable level, the second national conference on organic agriculture was held in Nigeria, under the auspices of the International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movement (IFOAM), where the participants were charged with the responsibilities of developing organic agriculture in Nigeria (IFOAM, 2007). The National Organic Standard Board (NOSB) has defined organic agriculture as ‘an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on-farm management practices that restore, maintain and enhance ecological harmony’ (ATTRA, 2007). According to Robertson and Morgan (1996), organic farming avoids the use of synthetic fertilisers and pesticides and relies on developing biological diversity in the field to disrupt habitats for pest organisms and the purposeful maintenance and replenishment of soil fertility. Organic farming emphasises the use of renewable natural resources and their recycling (Emsley, 2001). It eliminates the use of synthetic pesticides, growth hormones, antibiotics and gene manipulation in the crop production system, and this poses a challenge to crop and pest management specialists to device new tactics for crop and animal protection (Ivbijaro, 1990; Tapondjon et al. , 2002). Attention is instead focussed on disease resistance and restoring or enhancing ecological processes (Smil, 2001; Adeoye, 2005). Organic systems rely on crop rotation, crop ISSN 1177-4258 20 Journal of Organic Systems, 6(1), 2011 residues, animal manures, legumes, green manures, off-farm organic wastes and aspects of biological pest control to maintain soil productivity and tilt, to supply plant nutrient and to control insects, weed and other pests (Lampkin, 1990; Miguel, 1998). Most of the synthetic fertilisers and other agrochemicals that are used in non-organic farming are manufactured using resources such as fossil fuels which are not renewable. Using such resources may cause pollution and contribute to environmental degradation, thus making such agricultural practices unsustainable.

Selection Process free essay sample

Selection Process: Employee Selection is the process of putting right men on right Job. It is a procedure of matching organizational requirements with the skills and qualifications of people. Selection is the process of choosing from among the candidates from within the organization. The Employee selection Process takes place in following order: * Preliminary Interviews. Application blanks * Selection process Tests * Employment Interviews * Medical examination * Appointment Letter SÂ ©lection Test Preliminary Interviews: It is used to eliminate those candidates who do not meet the minimum eligibility criteria laid down by the organization. The skills, academic and family background, competencies and interests of the candidate are examined during preliminary interview. Application blanks: The candidates who clear the preliminary interview are required to fill application blank. It contains data record of the candidates such as details about age, qualifications, reason for leaving previous Job, experience, etc. Types of Tests : Intelligence test-mental ability, * Alert and quick Learning, Memory * Vocabulary * verbal fluency * Numerical ability Selection Process Tests: Various written tests conducted during selection procedure are aptitude test, intelligence test, reasoning test, personality test, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Selection Process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These tests are used to objectively assess the potential candidate. They should not be biased. Employment Interviews: It is a one to one interaction between the interviewer and the potential candidate It is used to find whether the candidate is best suited for the required Job or not. But such interviews consume time and money both. Moreover the competencies of the candidate cannot be Judged Medical Examination: Medical tests are conducted to ensure physical fitness of the potential employee. Physical qualities like vision, acute hearing, stamina, tolerance voice, health etc. Selection Decision: In selection decision will probably be between three or four candidates. The personnel specialist together with line management will now have weigh up the strength weakness of each candidate In the end making the right decision epends on management Judgment. Appointment Letter: A reference check is made about the candidate selected and then finally he is appointed by giving a formal appointment letter. Reference from individuals who are familiar with the candidates academic achievements Conclusion: Recruitment and selection is a vital function of HR in the organization. The role of Hr manager is very crucial in selecting and recruiting the right kind of people who can be an asset for the company. Instead of following a blind elimination process, focus should be on selecting.

Defining Disability and Societies Stereotypes Essays

Defining Disability and Societies Stereotypes Essays Defining Disability and Societies Stereotypes Essay Defining Disability and Societies Stereotypes Essay Society is always searching for a way to define or generalize what constitutes being disabled. Some would say disability is nothing out of the normal and that one’s who are disabled are still on a level playing field with abled persons. In contrast though, some argue that being disabled is something that totally hinders your life and will never allow you to fit in with the â€Å"social norm†. The focus of this paper is not to define disability, but to use educated points of view to help better an understanding of what disability may be, in order to form one’s own definition of being disabled. Information from three different authors will be used to help better the understanding of what society views as disabled and what their contributions to the stereotypes created are. Colin Low, a blind filmmaker, article called Some Ideologies of Disability will be used. In addition, Disability and Representation written by Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, who is a specialist in disability studies, will be used to both agree and argue points involving the disabled. Finally, a TED talk discussing prosthetic legs, given by Aimee Mullins, who is a leg amputee as well as a former Paralympic athlete will be used to state her self-imposed views. Through comparing and contrasting along with analyzing these authors uses of rhetorical appeals, including pathos and ethos, and the materials they use to defend their information, hopefully a clearer definition or idea of what disability is, begins to form. Throughout the course of all three articles, the authors use pathos to help support what they see as defining disability. In Low’s article he uses an excerpt from the play â€Å"Children of a Lesser God† where he uses lines from a deaf characters script in which she speaks, â€Å"Until you let me be an individual, an â€Å"I†, just as you are you will never truly be able to come inside my silence and know me† (Low,110). Similarly, Garland- Thomson uses pop culture references when expressing her thoughts on the subject. She uses examples such as Finding Nemo, A Beautiful Mind, and Superman, all who have some form of disability. In both cases, the authors are reminding the reader that even famous people or characters, who many people may see as above normal society or as heroes, can even have disabilities too. This provokes emotion from the reader because like stated, these are people or characters that society often looks up to and like both writers are trying to say, their disabilities do not make them abnormal, and if their disabilities do dictate their life they do so in a positive way, unlike the negative stereotype that society has created. When Mullins uses pathos in her speech she refers to disabilities as being able to be looked at as being â€Å"super-abled† if it wasn’t for the stereotypes already created by society. Mullins states that whenever children approached her they looked at her with a complete innocent state of mind that has yet to be altered because of society. Low supports the discrimination by society that Mullins discusses in her speech when he states that in the pseudo-radical observation of the disabled they view them as being defined by their disability. They believe that both their individuality and humanity have been lost and that the fact that the disabled get treated so different from other humans leaves society with no choice other than to be discriminates (Low, 111). The emotion drew out in these examples leaves the reader questioning if they in fact discriminate against the disabled? Do they perform the generous acts for someone that is disabled in a purely genuine matter or does the idea of their disability sway the person’s personality to pity? The materials used amongst the three authors to support their ideas of discrimination of the disabled in society along with trying to define disability both agree and contradict with each other. For example, Low uses a story about a giraffe and an elephant. The giraffe invites the elephant over to his house, which is accustomed for giraffes, so when the giraffe begins discriminating against the elephant for being too heavy and too wide, the elephant replies that he is not the problem to the house, the house is the problem to him. This conveys the message that disabilities are what you make them. To one person missing a leg could very well serve as a huge disadvantage. To the person missing the leg though, with the adjustments they learn to make, it could very well be an advantage to them. This point is again supported by Mullins’ material when she says that her using a prosthetic limb does not have to be looked at a loss but rather her being able to be creative and serve as a symbol of power to use that space to generate whatever she pleases. Low’s materials that are used evolve around the four ideologies of disability that he discusses. The pseudo-radical approach that he examines is that, generally, disabled people have a very negative experience with their life. This idea is both supported and disregarded in the other articles. Garland- Thomson supports the pseudo- radical view when she includes the magazine shots in her writing and then further goes on to say that they present disability as shameful and disposable, both negative things. Where as, in Mullins’ speech, she talks about how being disabled has pretty much created the successful life she has. One can assume that if it weren’t for her disability she would not have had the inspiration, or at least been as passionate about creating prosthetic legs, as what she is today. The materials used by these authors all give very good information for the reader to begin forming their definition of disabled. At the same time though, the information presented can make you think twice about what disability is. Reading these articles, from educated and credible individuals, and having them not firmly be able to state what they believe constitutes disability supports the idea that it is something very difficult to do. As stated at the end of the last paragraph, the authors and their information that this paper has been based off of are of credible sources. Using ethos the credibility of these authors can be revealed. A very prominent factor to Mullins reliability is that she has the first hand experience at the idea trying to be defined; she is disabled. She has been through the stereotypes and discrimination that is stated to be so obviously found in society. The realization that she has overcome the adversity of her disability to become a successful person helps support the argument that maybe disabilities are not as bad as they are made out to be. Garland-Thomson has specified her studies in the area of disabilities. This is not simply just an area that she is interested in, but also one that she has made a career and a way of life out of. She has written many books and has seen a wide variety of opinions, facts, and studies, all focused on the disabled. Similar to Mullins, Low is also experiencing the first hand effects of disability, as he is blind. He pursued a career in filmmaking amongst other things. This defies the ideas of disabilities hindering someone’s life as that he makes movies without the ability to see. These authors being credible makes it easier for the reader to trust and accept their opinions that are stated throughout the articles. In addition, allowing the reader to use their ideas to contribute to their forming definition of being disabled. In conclusion, the analysis of these articles has better helped reveal some of the information and opinioned needed when attempting to define the disabled. Society has greatly influenced the meaning of disabled through the stereotypes formed and explained in the three author’s pieces. When the authors use their emotional appeal of ethos throughout their writing it is helpful to induce the reader’s emotions and let them to connect, enabling them to form a personal definition of disability. In addition, the way that the author’s proclamations are strengthened by the materials and examples used, add to the clarity of the explanation of the disabled. The manner in which the three articles presented in this paper both agree and disagree with each other support the idea that disability may never clearly be defined. For as long as we have known, one’s disability may be someone else’s strength. Forming a clear and widely accepted definition of what being disabled constitutes can not and should not be able to be fully answered after this paper. The project of this writing was to get a mind thinking of some of the discrimination that they may take place in themselves and if they in turn agree or disagree with the facts stated in this paper. Studies will continue to be done on the disabled along with society’s point of view on the subject. Similarly to how Low concludes his paper, I believe that the next step needing to be taken to accommodate the disabled into society is for both parties to meet halfway. Society and the disabled must accept that being disabled is both similar and different to someone of normal status in society. This concept may take years more to begin to form or function properly but when it begins to do so discrimination of the disabled will lessen therefore clearing the way for a more distinct and accepted definition of disability. Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie. Disability and Representation. 2nd ed. Vol. 120. N. p. : Modern Language Association, 2005. 522-27. Print. Low, Colin. Some Ideologies of Disability. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs 6. 2 (2006): 108-11. Print. Mullins, Aimee. Its Not Fair Having 12 Pairs of Legs. TED Talk. Speech.

The Murder of College Student Katherine Foster

The Murder of College Student Katherine Foster A 47-year-old woman living in a homeless shelter in Jackson, Mississippi has been arrested for a murder that took place in Alabama 28 years ago. Jamie Kellam Letson is being held on $500,000 bond in Mobile for the February 1980 shooting death of her longtime friend Katherine Foster, a student at the University of South Alabama when she was killed. Letson, who was 19 at the time, and the 18-year-old Katherine Foster were friends who grew up together in Pascagoula, Mississippi. On Feb. 23, 1980, Foster was a freshman at South Alabama in Mobile. When Foster went missing, a group of 50 volunteer students searched two days for her near the university and she was found in a wooded area near the campus. No Signs of Assault When she was found, there were few signs of foul play, except for the two bullet holes in her head and the blood underneath her hair. Investigators said her makeup was on, her hair brushed and her clothes neat and clean. There were no bruises on her body or any indication of sexual assault. Five days after the murder, police found a .22 caliber pistol at a nearby pond, but the gun turned out not to be the murder weapon, which has never been found. Few Clues Over the Years Three years after Fosters death, police thought they had another suspect when a university security guard committed suicide. In his home, they found an extensive collection of material related to the Foster case, including the autopsy report, news articles, and poems that the guard wrote about Foster. They also found in his garage a secure room with a mattress in which someone could have been hidden. But investigators determined that Michael Maris, the dead guard, had an alibi for the time of Fosters disappearance and he was ruled out as a suspect. Letson, who has served time for theft and bank fraud, was previously questioned by police in connection with the case  because she was a longtime friend of Foster, but the case had been cold for more than 25 years until recently. Assistant District Attorney Jo Beth Murphree would not tell reporters what evidence led to the arrest of Letson after 28 years.

Human ressource explain the teachers power point Essay

Human ressource explain the teachers power point - Essay Example For example, several companies discriminate against women in pay. In such cases, women receive less pay compared to their counterparts. This makes women the victims of discrimination in the workplace. This is an impediment to development in the society. The equal pay Act discourages discrimination of varied forms in the society. However, it fails to enhance fairness because it advocates for uniform payment, which is discriminatory. The stipulations of the acts generalize pay for employees who undertake similar duties regardless of their productivity. The suggestion that equitable pay across genders is a step towards enhancing fairness in the society is neglected in the stipulations. According to Daniels & Lynda (68), the split between men and women is rising. This makes it difficult for employees to adhere to the requirements of equal pay act. According to the act, fairness in pay is paramount to the development of the society. However, productivity should determine pay for both genders. Organizations should differentiate pay for employees of different capabilities. This is because talent tends to create a balance across the gender divide. A few individuals support the stipulation of equal pay act. According to the legislation, organizations should not discriminate against gender during payments. For example, all staff should receive equal pay regardless of their genders (Daniels & Lynda 66). However, there are factors such as seniority and productivity that should be considered when devising pay for employees in organizations. According to the Act, employers should pay employees equally regardless of their genders. Employees undertaking similar duties within different departments should receive equal wages. Ideally, staff members participating in the management process should receive additional funds because of the complication arising from their duties. Organizations should

The similarity and differences of No Country for Old Men and Dead Man Research Paper

The similarity and differences of No Country for Old Men and Dead Man - Research Paper Example Similarly, Dead man is a movie that was directed by Jarmusch Jim, in 1996, and presents a storyline of a young man’s adventure, both mentally and physically, into the strange land. William Blake starts his journey to the western frontiers of America and encountered an odd and outcast Native American known as ‘Nobody’. The encounter with ‘Nobody’ helps William Blake to overcome difficult situations, which were hilarious and brutal. Similarities between No Country for Old Men and Dead Man There are varied similarities between the films, No Country for Old Men and Dead Man. First, both films are filled with darkness and uncertainty of life because both directors reveal issues of violence, murder and coldhearted villains. These act as the main duties of the central characters in both movies, and their lives are full of obscurity. Additionally, both directors tie uncertainty with pessimistic belief that there is little one can do about uncertainty aspects of human life (McCarthy 34). There is a lot of evil in both films because the directors keep reminding the viewer about the inherent evil of human beings in every scene. For instance, the marvelous expressionless humor is one of the darkest aspects in the film of No Country for Old Men. This has greatly affected the characters of different persons; for example, Chigurh is one character, who has dreadful characters because he engages in violence issues. Moreover, both films reveal the mysterious dead as the only certaint y, and at the same time reveal greatest mystery cases and violence. For instance, the adventure story in the Dead Man film represents certainty of life, to William Blake. Consequently, the journey is a long-lasting ceremonial to the person known as‘Nobody’ because his intention was to save Blake and bring him back to the spirit level of the human race. The non-western viewpoint about Nobody was that life was seen as an unending cycle; thus presenting the significance of the film title, ‘Dead Man’. Both films reveal cases of violence, some of which contributes to death; for instance, in the film of Dead Man, nobody helps in leading William Blake through situations most of which turns to be violent and on the same time hilarious. Contrary to Blake’s personality, he turns to be a criminal, a murderer and a vicious man, whose physical being slips away gradually. Both novels portray characters, most of whom are violent and engage in the world of cruel, br utal and chaotic occurrences. Secondly, both films presents the theme of evil. Many western genre films are full of evil; thus, many characters take part in evil things, in the society. Both directors acknowledge the evil practiced by the power-hungry rich men, who dominates the weak; innocent people are used to enable the powerful achieve their needs. For instance, many crimes are committed in both movies, whereby many people end up being victims of evil because the crimes committed are beyond measure (Raff 61). In addition, the theme of fate is revealed, and is the cause for violence cases, as every character in the movie strives to reach his or her destiny. For instance, the film of Dead Man is about a young man, who sets the journey and hopes to reach his destiny in order to accomplish his missions. Fate is also revealed in the film, No Country for Old Men, whereby we see violent cases taking place right from the

Largest Pressure Groups Essay Example for Free

Largest Pressure Groups Essay To what extent are the largest pressure groups the most successful ones? Some pressure groups are more powerful than others as some succeed while others fail. Success in pressure groups is defined by how they affect government policy, their agenda-setting power and how well they can change people’s ideologies. Large groups mean that they have more members. This in turn leads to more donations. Chequebook groups tend to get most of their finance from their members, for example Greenpeace get 90% of their income from their members. This means that large groups tend to be wealthy. Being a wealthy group means that they have financial and economic power. For example, major corporations such as are the main source of employment and investment in the economy so the government will seek their cooperation. For wealthy groups that aren’t business groups will possess financial strength to employ professional lobbyists and public relations consultants. However, it is the wealth not the size of the pressure group that makes them economically powerful and the biggest pressure groups are not always the most economically powerful. The CBI is more economically powerful than TUC despite the TUC having seven million members. This is because although some groups may be small, they can exert influence through their policy expertise and specialist knowledge. Another good part of being a large group is that they can claim to represent public opinion. NSPCC is an example of this as they ensure that their membership levels stay above one million. This means that governments are most likely to listen to them because their members can have an electoral impact. However having good leadership can be a more direct form of influence than having many members. Having a high profile leader, such as Peter Tatchell of OutRage!, can help as they have some political skills, political contacts and have developed media and presentational skills. Lastly, the government’s views are a very important part. A group may very well be large and wealthy, however if the government doesn’t sympathise with their aims, then it will be very difficult for them to influence policy. For example, Greenpeace are very large and wealthy but the government rarely listen to them. In conclusion, there are different factors that determine how successful a pressure group is. However, large groups tend to have a significant amount of wealth, so whether it is the size of the group or other factors that should be accredited to its success can be argued.

Cheorkee Indians :: essays research papers

MARSHALL, C. J. This bill is brought by the Cherokee nation, praying an injunction to restrain the state of Georgia from the execution of certain laws of that state, which, as is alleged, go directly to annihilate the Cherokee as a political society, and to seize for the use of Georgia, the lands of the nation which have been assured to them by the United States, in solemn treaties repeatedly made and still in force. If courts were permitted to indulge their sympathies, a case better calculated to excite them can scarcely be imagined. A people, once numerous, powerful, and truly independent, found by our ancestors in the quiet and uncontrolled possession of an ample domain, gradually sinking beneath our superior policy, our arts and our arms, have yielded their lands, by successive treaties, each of which contains a solemn guarantee of the residue, until they retain no more of their formerly extensive territory than is deemed necessary to their comfortable subsistence. To preserve this remnant, the present application is made. Before we can look into the merits of the case, a preliminary inquiry presents itself. Has this court jurisdiction of the cause? The third article of the constitution describes the extent of the judicial power. The second section closes an enumeration of the cases to which it is extended, with "controversies between a state or citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects." A subsequent clause of the same section gives the supreme court original jurisdiction, in all cases in which a state shall be a party. The party defendant may then unquestionably be sued in this court. May the plaintiff sue in it? Is the Cherokee nation a foreign state, in the sense in which that term is used in the constitution? The counsel for the plaintiffs have maintained the affirmative of this proposition with great earnestness and ability. So much of the argument as was intended to prove the character of the Cherokees as a state, as a distinct political society, separated from others, capable of managing its own affairs and governing itself, has in the opinion of a majority of the judges, been completely successful. They have been uniformly treated as a state, from the settlement of our country. The numerous treaties made with them by the United States, recognise them as a people capable of maintaining the relations of peace and war, of being responsible in their political character for any violation of their engagements, or for any aggression committed on the citizens of the United States, by any individual of their community.

Mini Dialectic Journal

This old lore I had forgotten; else I was not here. In the first scene, we see Teiresias brought in front of Oedipus to talk about the prophecy. He knows the true identity of the King, but feels like it is a burden for him to know it at all. He knows that it wouldn’t profit him to know the truth about Oedipus and the prophecy. He regrets being there, and wished that if he could have just forgotten it, then he won’t have to be in that place. As a prophet, Teiresias felt compelled to tell the truth though he knows that it won’t benefit him. He got dragged in the situation that’s why it’s really is burdensome for him. Ode 1 – CHORUS: Sore perplexed am I by the words of the master seer. Are they true, are they false? I know not and bridle my tongue for fear, Fluttered with vague surmise; nor present nor future is clear. Quarrel of ancient date or in days still near know I none Twixt the Labdacidan house and our ruler, Polybus' son. Proof is there none: how then can I challenge our King's good name, How in a blood-feud join for an untracked deed of shame? In this part, the chorus is somewhat doubting Teiresias and is siding with Oedipus. They’re saying that what the old prophet’s words were confusing, and because of this ambiguity, there is a hint of doubt in the prophecy. They dare not challenge the integrity of the good King Oedipus, as there is not much proof in what the prophet is saying. Because of this, none of them really knows what lies ahead in the future. Scene 2 – CREON: Were not his wits and vision all astray, when upon me he fixed this monstrous charge? When Oedipus and Teiresias argued, it unfolded to the King that someone would dethrone him, and it was Creon. Creon, brazened, stood up to question his King’s assumptions. He reasoned out that the prophet may be out of his mind when he said such things to Oedipus, which he shouldn’t believe much of what he says. Ode 2 – CHORUS: My lot be still to lead   The life of innocence and fly Irreverence in word or deed,   To follow still those laws ordained on high Whose birthplace is the bright ethereal sky No mortal birth they own, Olympus their progenitor alone: Ne'er shall they slumber in oblivion cold, The god in them is strong and grows not old. Still, Oedipus is devoid of the truth. He consults the gods, yet none of them seems to hear his woes and prayers. As a King who knows nothing about himself, he feels fear, anger and pity for himself. All he wanted to know was who his true parents are, but how will he now about it, if there’s know hope left for him to find the truth. Scene 3 – JOCASTA: My greetings to thee, stranger; thy fair words Deserve a like response. But tell me why Thou comest—what thy need or what thy news. Jocasta receives a visitor, who came to tell them that Polybus, Oedipus’ father has died. She thought that because of this, Oedipus was freed of the prophecy, only to find out that Polybus was really not the King’s father. Jocasta thought it was great news at first, only to find out that it would be a nail in the coffin for them. The visitor finally confirmed that Polybus and Merope were not Oedipus’ real parents. Ode 3 – CHORUS: Child, who bare thee, nymph or goddess? sure thy sure was more than man, Haply the hill-roamer Pan. Of did Loxias beget thee, for he haunts the upland wold; Or Cyllene's lord, or Bacchus, dweller on the hilltops cold? Did some Heliconian Oread give him thee, a new-born joy? Nymphs with whom he love to toy? At this part, the chorus questions that the real parents of Kind Oedipus, as the King himself doesn’t know anything about it. All that has unfolded to him that moment was realizations that he grew up knowing nothing about his own self, and as the truths became known, slowly he understands that there is a possibility that the prophecy about him has already been fulfilled. Scene 4 – OEDIPUS: Ah me! Ah me! All brought to pass, all true! O light, may I behold thee nevermore! I stand a wretch, in birth, in wedlock cursed, A parricide, incestuously, triply cursed! This part is the bitter realization that it was really him who’s mentioned in the prophecy, as confirmed by the shepherd. He killed his own father, and married his own mother Jocasta. He wasn’t able to bear all the bitter realizations in the end, despite all his greatness as a king. He was still a human being, weak at heart. Ode 4 – CHORUS: O heavy hand of fate! Who now more desolate, Whose tale more sad than thine, whose lot more dire? This is the summary of emotions felt in the story. Oedipus feels nothing but sadness, as his life has been full of lies. As he discovers the truth about himself, he learns that the prophecy has been true. He is the murderer of his father and had an incestuous relationship with his mother. Nothing could be worst that what he experienced. Exodos – OEDIPUS: Dark, dark! The horror of darkness, like a shroud, Wraps me and bears me on through mist and cloud. Ah me, ah me! What spasms athwart me shoot, What pangs of agonizing memory? After knowing the truth bout his life, Oedipus blinded himself, and has exiled himself away from the city. The haunting memory of his past would always be with him, that’s why he could not bear live in the light. Works Cited: â€Å"Sophocles' Oedipus the King†.   2000. April 1 2008. . Segal, Charles. Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Publishing, 2001. SparkNotes. â€Å"Oedipus Plays†.   2006. April 1 2008. . —. â€Å"Oedipus the King†.   2006. April 1 2008. .   

Kinkos

After the reorganization, management layers in the company’s hierarchy were reduced from twelve layers to six. The top management level was represented by the Chief Executive Officer. The company has a centralized approach of management. Many of the decisions that had been made in the stores were made by top management. The concentration of decision-making authority at the upper levels of an organization is often justified based on the need to achieve better coordination and consistency in all the organization activities, operations and policies. Span of Control The Executive Vice President of operations has direct authority over the Vice President of marketing and two general managers for retail operations, operations support, and real estate. These general managers, on the other hand, have a direct control over 18 operations directors. These operations directors have control over the seventy-four district managers and the human resource and technology staff. Grouping Activities in FedEx Kinko’s Office and Print Services, Inc. The company was reorganized by geographical region- East, West, Central, and International. Partners who owned the largest group of stores headed up their regional divisions. The stores have been reorganized into a hub- and- spoke configuration. Does Kinko’s use an organic or mechanistic system to achieve integration? Kinko’s uses a mechanistic system to achieve integration. We can see that FedEx Kinko’s Office and Print Services, Inc. has exemplified the characteristics of highly formalized and â€Å"bureaucratic† organizations. Kinkos’s was relatively a large company; hence, a mechanistic system is very appropriate in order to manage and monitor all stores. In addition, we can notice that managers provide a considerable direction and control over the other.   The company is highly centralized, wherein all the decisions were made by top-level positions. All the operations of the company and the working behavior of the employees are governed by the instruction and decisions issued by superiors. The company has a hierarchic structure of control of authority. In line to this, there is a vertical direction of communication through the organization. All the interaction made is form top to bottom. The company is highly standardized. Qualifications for top executives have been standardized. Each person must be a strong team player, had previously been with successful organization and each held job with high accountability. The company also used formal specification of methods in the performance of a job. In fact, all stores were connected through the Internet so that jobs could be allocated, distributed, or shared, as the need arose. There is a precise definition of obligation for each position or role. For instance, each operation director has the responsibility on the profit and loss in a distinct geographical market. All of these characteristics exemplified by the company have resembled the characteristics of a mechanistic system. References Allen, Gemmy. (1998). Organizing Process. Retrieved April 1, 2008   

Free Essays on Discussion Guide

Discussion Guide on Researching a Low-Carb Beer I. Warm-up Explanation of Focus Group (10-12 minutes) A. Explanation of focus group. B. There are no wrong or right answers. C. It is necessary everyone contributes. D. There will be people watching. E. Audiotapes and Video recorders will be on so I can interact with the group. F. Only one person can talk at once. G. Do not feel bad if you do not know something, we are looking to hear your opinions and how you feel about it. H. I will move the discussion on throughout the focus group in order to cover all topics. I. Any Questions? J. Ice breaker to get going. II. Beer Consumption (15 minutes) I am interested in seeing if you drink beer, the types you like, and why. A. How many of you have drink/drank beer? What type did you consume? Where did you consume/buy it? B. Why did you get that specific beer? C. Which do you drink most often? Why do you drink that most often? Was there a reason for your consumption of that beer? D. What amount did you purchase it in? Is price an issue? Do you see a difference in light beers compared to a non-light beer? E. How do you feel about light beers? Do you drink light beers because you do not want all the calories and carbohydrate that are in the other beers? III. Diet Fads (15 minutes) I will now talk about the concept of a low-carb beer that can be beneficial to your health and add in the diet process. This beer will have fewer calories and fewer carbohydrates. A. Is anyone currently on a diet or know someone on a diet? What kind of diet? Is it hard to consume alcoholic beverages when on this diet due to calories/carbs? What do you think of these diets? B. Would you purchase a product with less carbs/calories? Do you think there is a need for a product like this? C. Does anyone currently purchase dietary products? How much money to you think you spend a week/month on them? ... Free Essays on Discussion Guide Free Essays on Discussion Guide Discussion Guide on Researching a Low-Carb Beer I. Warm-up Explanation of Focus Group (10-12 minutes) A. Explanation of focus group. B. There are no wrong or right answers. C. It is necessary everyone contributes. D. There will be people watching. E. Audiotapes and Video recorders will be on so I can interact with the group. F. Only one person can talk at once. G. Do not feel bad if you do not know something, we are looking to hear your opinions and how you feel about it. H. I will move the discussion on throughout the focus group in order to cover all topics. I. Any Questions? J. Ice breaker to get going. II. Beer Consumption (15 minutes) I am interested in seeing if you drink beer, the types you like, and why. A. How many of you have drink/drank beer? What type did you consume? Where did you consume/buy it? B. Why did you get that specific beer? C. Which do you drink most often? Why do you drink that most often? Was there a reason for your consumption of that beer? D. What amount did you purchase it in? Is price an issue? Do you see a difference in light beers compared to a non-light beer? E. How do you feel about light beers? Do you drink light beers because you do not want all the calories and carbohydrate that are in the other beers? III. Diet Fads (15 minutes) I will now talk about the concept of a low-carb beer that can be beneficial to your health and add in the diet process. This beer will have fewer calories and fewer carbohydrates. A. Is anyone currently on a diet or know someone on a diet? What kind of diet? Is it hard to consume alcoholic beverages when on this diet due to calories/carbs? What do you think of these diets? B. Would you purchase a product with less carbs/calories? Do you think there is a need for a product like this? C. Does anyone currently purchase dietary products? How much money to you think you spend a week/month on them? ...

What’s a Good New 2016 SAT Score for Your Target School

What’s a Good New 2016 SAT Score for Your Target School SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You might have heard that a new SAT was released in March2016! What’s it out of? How do you know what a good score is? How do you determine what new SAT score you need to be accepted toyour target school? I'llcover all of this information below. New SAT Score Range The new SAT isscored out of 1600. There areonly be 2 sections instead of 3: Math and combined Writing and Language (instead of Math, Critical Reading, and Writing). Each of the 2 sections isscored from 200 to 800, making the new composite SAT score range 400 to 1600. Conversion Between the Old SAT and New SAT While we don’t yet know what the exact conversion will be, you can generally predict what the new approximate SAT score wouldbe by multiplying the old SAT score by 66.6% (since the new SAT isout of â…” as many points as the old SAT). If you're given separate scores by section (Math, Critical Reading, and Writing), you can use a different prediction method: Math section score + [(Critical Reading score + Writing score) / 2] In layman's terms, average Critical Reading and Writing and then add that average to the Math score. This method is more exact because it accounts for the fact that Mathisweighted more heavily on the new SAT(1/2 of your new composite score versus 1/3 of the old composite score). In 2014, the national average SAT score was 1497. Using the 66.6% calculation method mentioned above, I estimate the new average SAT score will be approximately 998. The national 75th percentile is about 1700, so the new 75th percentile score will be about 1133. The national 90th percentile is about 1900, so the new 90th percentile score will be about 1267. However, a good score is not just better than the average. A good SAT score depends on whatcollege you hope to attend. Colleges’ SAT Score Ranges and What They Mean for You To find out what a good new SAT score is for your target schools, you should look at colleges’ SAT score ranges. The score range shows what SAT scores admitted students received. Normally, schools show the scores from the most recent applicant pool, so the scores will likely be in terms of the old SAT (2400 scale). You'll need to convert the scores using the calculation above. The score range will be written in one of two ways as a 25th/75th percentile or an average. The 25th percentile SAT score means 25% of admits scored at or below that number (or 75% of admits scored higher). The 75th percentile SAT score means 75% of admits scored at or below that number (or 25% of admits scored higher). The average SAT is the average of all admits’ SAT scores. Knowing the score ranges will make you understand what kind of score you need to be a competitive applicant to that schoolsince you'll know what SAT scores admits received. Before figuring out your target, you need to figure out your target colleges. Make a List of Target Schools If you don’t have a list of target schools already, make one! This list should not include your safety schools. Asafety school is a college that you're almost certain you can get into with the SAT score and GPA you currently have. This list should include the more selective colleges that you hope to attend. You should exclude safety schools from this list because you want to plan your target SAT score for the colleges with the highest SAT criteria. If you meet or exceed their SAT criteria, you will almost certainly be admitted to your safety schools. After you have created your list of the more selective colleges, draw a table with 3 columns with the following titles: College Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score Fill in your target colleges under college name as I did below: College Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley Yale University Under the 25th percentile or average SAT, you'll write either the 25th percentile or average SAT score for that college. As I mentioned earlier, colleges will only provide you with one. Whichever they give you, write that number in the middle column (you'll need to re-calculate it for the new SAT, which I will explain in detail below). Under 75th percentile / target score, you put the college’s 75th percentile score (if they provide it). For colleges that only give average SAT, you'll be calculating a target score. I'll explain how to calculate the target score later on. How to Find Your Target College’s New SAT Score Range Once you have your list, finding those colleges’ SAT score ranges is very simple. You just need to Google search â€Å"[College Name] average SAT† or â€Å"[College Name] SAT 25th/75th percentile.† That will should lead you to the Freshman Admissions Profile for your target college. If you're unable to locate a Freshman Admissions Profile for your target school,check out our college admission requirementsdatabase to see if we have the SAT information for your target school. This is a screenshot from Yale’s admission site: Yale provided the 25th/75th percentile SAT score for their freshmen admits. To approximate the 25th percentile composite SAT score for the new SAT in spring 2016, you need first to calculate the current 25th percentile composite SAT score. Average the 2 lower numbers for Writing and Verbal/Critical Reading together (which separately represent the current 25th percentile SAT scores for those sections): (710 + 720) / 2 = 715 Then, add that number to thelower number for the Math section (the 25th percentile SAT score for Math) 715 + 710 =1425, rounds to 1430 (the SAT is scored in units of 10) Do the same math with the higher numbers (75th percentile score) to figure out the composite 75th percentile SAT score. NOTE: certain colleges call the 25th/75th percentile the middle 50% scores. However, the 2 numbers they provide are the 25th/75th percentile scores. They call it the middle 50% since the 25th/75th percentile scores represent the middle 50% of SAT scores of admits. Add this new information to your chart: College Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley Yale University 1430 1590 As I said before, other colleges will provide you with only the average SAT score for admits (asUC Berkeley does): Since UC Berkeley only provides an average, you can’t know how many students scored above and below it, but let’s assume about 50% scored above and 50% scored below. Let’s do the same math as above to figure out the approximate average SAT score for the new SAT: (686 + 698) / 2 =692 710 +692 = 1402, rounds to 1400 Fill that numberin under 25th Percentile or Average SAT, and leave the 75th Percentile / Target Score blank for now. I'll explain how to determine atarget score for school's with averaged scores later on. College Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley 1400 Yale University 1430 1590 How to Calculate Your New SAT Target Score For the colleges that provide the 75th percentile, your target score should be at or above the 75th percentile. (That is why I had you list the 75th percentile in the same column as target score. The 75th percentile is your target score!) For the colleges that only tell you an average composite SAT, I would aim for a score 100 points above the re-calculated average. For example, for UC Berkeley, your target score should be 1500. Fill in that number (the average SAT plus 100 points) to your chart under 75th percentile / target score: College Name 25th Percentile or Average SAT 75th Percentile / Target Score UC Berkeley 1400 1500 Yale University 1430 1590 Why can’t you target a lower score near the 25th percentile or closer to the average? A non-negligible number ofstudents are clearly accepted with those scores. However, mostof the students accepted with lower scores are special applicants, including athletes, legacies, children of significant donors, or students with exceptionaltalents (such as the winner of the national science fair). If you aren’t in the â€Å"special† category, you’ll want a higher SAT score to boost your chances of being admitted.The higher your SAT score, the more likely you will get in.For more proof, check out Brown University’s admission data: For students with the highest score (800), 22.8% were admitted, which is much higher than the overall Brown admit rate, 8.7%. As the scores begin to decline (score between 750 and 790), the student’s chance of admission drops by 5.7%, from 22.8% to 15.1%. The same pattern holdsacross the other twosections and the composite.You now know the higher your score, the better chance you have of being accepted. If you have a discrepancy in the â€Å"Target Scores† on your list (as I do above), which should you aim for? Aim for the highest target score on your list.That way when you reach the highest target score, you will have the best chance of admission at all of your target schools. If you get a 1580 and apply to Yale and UC Berkeley, you have an excellent chance of being admitted to both schools. However, if you got a 1480 and applied to Yale, you would now be less likely to get in, as you would fall short of the 75th percentile score and be in the middle 50% of admits scores. How Exact Is the Conversion? What Does the Variation Mean for You? It's difficult to predict how students will perform on this new test since there are many changes(the College Board has not released data on the March 2016 test). Thus, the new SAT conversions I've given above may be slightly off. Writing and Reading iscombined into a single section,Evidence-Based Reading and Writing. The types of questions asked havechange. There areno more fill-in-the-blank vocabulary questions; instead, there are more critical thinking questions. Math iswithout a doubt more important on the new SAT. As you can see in the conversion above, Math now counts for half of your score as opposed to a third.For this reason, thebest method for converting current scores to the new format is to add the Math score to the average of the Reading and Writing scores rather than simply multiplying the composite score by 66% method. The first method ensures that the appropriate weight is given to each section in the context of the new score format. Based on this change in weight, you need to change your SAT preparation plan. With Math being more heavily weighted, if you struggle in Math, you'll need to focus more time preparing for the Math section to make sure you have a strong Math score. If Math is your strong suit, you'll have an advantage on the new SAT. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! How to Plan Your Prep for the New SAT You need to have an excellent preparation plan to achieve your target new SAT score! Make sure you learn all you can about the new SAT. If you took a practice SAT and were unhappy with your initial score, think about taking an SAT class, hiring an SAT tutor, or using an online SAT program such as PrepScholar. Make sure the tutor or class/program is familiar with the changes tothe new SAT. If he/she/it is not, find help elsewhere! At PrepScholar, we figure out your strengths and weaknesses, and we personalize the practice to your needs. For more information, read How to Ensure Online Tutoring from PrepScholarTutors is Right for You? If you can’t afford these study options and/or want to try preparing by yourself, look at our study plan guides for sophomore, juniors, seniors and for students, who plan to study for a year or more. Stay focused on your goal, work hard, and you'll reach it! What’s Next? Worried about the SAT? Learn more about the content on the new SAT. Need help studying for the new SAT? Read our complete SAT study guide. Taking the test really soon? Learn how to cram for the test. Need help with your college application? Learn how to write about extracurriculars on your college application and get ideas to help you start your essay. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Conversation 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conversation 5 - Essay Example There were different, cultural and art styles that influenced Diego Rivera’s painting such as the classical European style and Aztec art. His use of figures and colors depict those that were used by Indians as images to narrate their historical events and myths. This painting mainly represented his strong position in protecting one’s beliefs in his or her culture (Dawn, 199). During this time, there was a lot of Mexican Renaissance and Muralism. In the painting, it is evident that his work incorporated cubism where he incorporated the cultures from his early studies. He engaged various architectural skills and geometry (Dawn, 106). The figures in his painting appear to be simplified; however, there is nothing straightforward about these figures which are overwhelming to the eye. As culture changes over time, so do these images progress throughout; however, it depends on how people interpret them. Conclusively, Rivera’s painting can also be said to have been influenced by the impact of Mexican Revolution which was immense at the time. Additionally, there were Mexican mural painters who disseminated and interpreted the ideas that were there in revolution. Rivera assisted the American to realize other people’s cultural nationalism when under the revolutionary

Is coporate social responsibility just a new trend or is it the modern Essay

Is coporate social responsibility just a new trend or is it the modern business 'modus operandi' - Essay Example The work presented by Carroll (1999) states that the history behind corporate social responsibility (CSR) is extensive and its modern foundations were in fact laid as early as the 1950s.1 Since the emergence of the concept till the present day, a key question that has risen relates to the ideological and theoretical basis of CSR and whether the concept carries any practical implications for modern businesses. Lindgreen and Swaen (2010) claim that CSR’s movement from an ideological concept to an applicable one has occurred, primarily because businesses now fully recognize and understand that ‘not only is doing good the right thing to do, but it also leads to doing better’. ... siness scenario of today, organizations are more concerned about CSR than companies of the past ever were which is reflected in the understanding that 80% of the companies listed on the Fortune 500 attend to various CSR initiatives and intensively invest in corresponding programs as suggested by their websites. 8 Evidently, this observation suggests that CSR has now become the modus operandi of modern businesses and not merely a new trend. However, this conclusion cannot be certified unless further studies, empirical researches and discussions are used within the scope of the paper. According to Visser (2010) the progression of the economic age has lead to significant changes in business models and operations, thereby, causing a corresponding change in how businesses deal with CSR.9 The latest stage of the economic age is marked by the slogan of responsibility moving from the management phase of business operations that functioned under the modus operandi of management systems.10 The modern business of today now operates under the modus operandi of business models that are integrated with the main principle of responsibility that a business essentially exercises through its products; this view claims that unlike optimistic definitions of CSR that cover a business’ responsibility towards all stakeholders, modern CSR specifically and exclusively targets the customers alone.11 While for Visser (2010) the internalization of CSR into an organization’s modus operandi is dependent upon the business model12, Murray and Dainty (2009: p245) suggest that this is possible via the means of establishing a successful structure that assist’s CSR management. 13 Commentators such as Sahlin-Andersson (2006) notes that corporate social responsibility is certainly a trend that has

SOCIAL WORK (ETHICS AND VALUES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

SOCIAL WORK (ETHICS AND VALUES - Essay Example The crying is a symptom that an unfavourable situation cropped up. Rajiv disliked being rushed. Similarly, Lola disliked waiting excessively for Rajiv to finish his food. Lola must implement absolutism ethics (Royakkers, 2011). Absolutism states that there are absolute ethical or morality standards. People must obey the ethical or moral standards, without exception. There are no excuses or exemptions in the compulsory implementation of the moral standards or ethics standards. In the current case, Lola should not rush Rajiv’s eating. Lola’s personal issues or problems should not affect or reduce the social workers’ required minimum social work performance. Lola should be penalized in order to prevent a repeat of her unethical behavior. Surely, absolutism ethics dictates Lola must wait until Rajiv finishes his meal. Lola must implement relativism ethics (Hales, 2011). The concept focuses on the individuals forming his or her diversely unique ethical standards. Other individuals influence how a person’s ethical standards are formed. Other societies can affect how a person’s ethical preferences are crafted. Consequently, one person’s relativism ethics may differ from another person’s relativism ethics. One’s cultural upbringing influences the person’s relativism ethics preferences. For example, people in the United States insist that it is morally right to eat beef. On the other hand, people in India insist that eating beef is immoral. Lola’s forcing Rajiv to uncomfortably rush his eating is not Lola’s workplace’s work ethic. Obviously, Lola must incorporate the social work community’s relativism ethics, imitating the other social workers’ making life for the patients more comfortable. Lola must implement deontology ethics (Tannsjo, 2013). Deontology ethics focuses on duty. It is the duty of every person to obey all ethics standards. There is no exception to the strict implementation of the ethical standard.

Phenylthiocarbamide Taste Perception in Type 2 Diabetics

Phenylthiocarbamide Taste Perception in Type 2 Diabetics Phenylthiocarbamide taste perception in type 2 diabetics and healthy subjects: A case-control study Authors: Wajiha Hassan, Hina Hassan, Muhammad Usman Anwar, Muhammad Umar Kamal, Ehsan Ullah ABSTRACT Objectives: We conducted this study to find out any epistatic relationship between expression of PTC gene and the genes controlling T2D development through comparing the relative frequency of PTC taste perception among T2D patients and healthy subjects. Methods: It was a case-control study conducted in diabetes clinics / centers located at various teaching hospitals in Lahore city. A total of 270 (135 diabetics and 135 healthy) subjects were tested for PTC taste perception by pouring a drop of PTC solutions of 0.0125%, 0.125% and 0.25% concentrations to determine super-tasters, tasters and non-tasters. The proportion of tasters and non-tasters was compared in two study groups with the help of Chi Square test and a p value of 0.05 or less was considered significant and to reject the null hypothesis. Results: Mean age of T2D patients and healthy subjects was 34.21 ±5.74 and 32.90 ±7.44 years respectively. Male to female ratio among T2D patients and healthy subjects was 1:14 and 1:1 respectively. Only 22 (16.29%) of T2D patients and 40 (30.37%) of healthy subjects were super-tasters which was significant difference (p = 0.009) and Odds ratio (OR) was 0.4624. A total of 39 (28.89%) of T2D patients and 25 (18.51%) of healthy controls were non-tasters which was also significant difference (p = 0.04513) and OR was 1.788. Conclusions: Supertasters and tasters of PTC have odds ratios of 0.4624 and 1.788 to have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Key words: Phenylthiocarbamide, taste perception, type 2 diabetes mellitus Introduction: Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste perception is a genetically controlled trail.(1) Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a widely occurring multifactorial disease with complex multigenic inheritance playing an important role in its pathogenesis.(2, 3) Interaction of genes conferring inheritance of T2D, pre-diabetes and obesity and those causing PTC taste perception has not been studied in detail though some investigators have highlighted that a possible link exists between the phenotypic expressions of these gene complexes.(4-6) We conducted this study to find out any epistatic relationship between expression of PTC gene and the genes controlling T2D development through comparing the relative frequency of PTC taste perception among T2D patients and healthy subjects. Methods: It was a case-control study conducted in three diabetes clinics located at various teaching hospitals in Lahore city i.e. Jinnah A Diabetes and Endocrinology at Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Diabetes Management Center, Services Hospital Lahore and a diabetes clinic at Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. A sample of 270 (135 diabetics and 135 healthy) subjects was taken by simple random sampling technique with the help of lucky-draw method among the patients attending these clinics and their attendant/relatives who were non-diabetic. The confirmation of non-diabetic status of the control group participants was obtained by their random serum glucose P value of 0.05 or less was considered significant and to reject the null hypothesis. Results: Mean age of T2D patients and healthy subjects was 34.21 ±5.74 and 32.90 ±7.44 years respectively and there was no significant difference of age distribution among two study groups as shown in Table 1. Table 1. Age distribution of the study population Seventy (51.8%) of the T2D were males and 65 (48.2%) were females. Thus male to female ratio among T2D patients was near to 1:1. About half (n=67, 49.6%) of healthy subjects were males and 68 (50.4%) were females. Thus male to female ratio among healthy subjects was 1:1 as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Gender ratio among study groups Only 22 (16.29%) of T2D patients and 40 (30.37%) of healthy subjects were super-tasters which was significant difference (p = 0.009) and Odds ratio (OR) was 0.4624. Seventy-one (52.6%) of T2D and 73 (54.1%) of healthy controls were tasters which was not significantly different (p=0.141) and calculated OR for tasters as compared to non-tasters was 1.556. A total of 39 (28.89%) of T2D patients and 25 (18.51%) of healthy controls were non-tasters which was also significant difference (p = 0.04513) and OR was 1.788 as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. Frequency of super-tasters, tasters and non-tasters in T2D and controls Discussion: Perception of bitter taste is a variable trait both within the same population and between different human populations.(7) Bitter taste perception is encoded by a family of 25 TAS2R taste receptors.(8) Whereas, the two most studied genes are TAS2R38, the one associated with the ability to taste PTC (phenylthiocarbamide) and PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil).(9) Approximately 75% of the world’s population are considered ‘‘tasters’’, and perceive these substances as moderately to intensely bitter. These compounds are weak or tasteless for the remaining 25% of the population, who are considered ‘‘non tasters’’.(10) Another study revealed that tasters can be further divided into two sub-groups: â€Å" tasters†, who perceived moderate intensity from PTC/PROP, and â€Å"supertasters† who perceived these compounds as extremely bitter. Thus, the population distribution of non tasters, tasters and super tasters is nearly 25%, 50% and 25% respectively.(11) In current study, the distribution of PTC taste perception for non-tasters, tasters and super-tasters was 25 (18.5%), 71(52.6%), 39 (28.9%) among the healthy controls which is quite comparable to the findings of Bartoshuk et al.(11) A study from American population showed that 71.2% of their study population was taster and 28.8% was nontaster.(12) A study from a neighboring Asian country reported that taste perception to PTC compounds was present (tasters) in 67% and absent (non-tasters) in 33%.(13) Another study from same Asian country reported that 66.38% of the study population was taster and 33.62% was non-taster to PTC.(14) However, a study from a Pakistani population of young healthy adults revealed the distribution of PTC tasters and non-tasters as 73.75% and 26.25% respectively.(15) Similarly, another group of investigators from Pakistan reported that 81.33% of the healthy adults were tasters and 18.6% were non-tasters.(16) Our observations are comparable to both the studies especially prevalence of non-tasters in our study is approximately the same as reported by Iqbal et al.(16) The second point of discussion in current study is the phenotypic association between the genes encoding for PTC taste perception and diabetes which has been studied by the procedures and methods mentioned earlier. Why the authors did conduct this study? A simple answer is the compelling and enormous links between diabetes and taste perception proposed in the recent literature.(17-19) A study has revealed that increased serum glucose levels induce a concentration-dependent impairment of taste perception in T2D patients as the result of an adaptation of the sensory cell to elevated circulating concentrations of glucose.(5) A study from an Asian population revealed a significant difference in taste sensitivity to PTC between the diabetics and non-diabetics, the former being less sensitive than the latter (16.7 vs. 6.8%).(20) A decrease in palatability of the glucose solutions induced by the glucose load (negative alliaesthesia) has been reported between PTC tasters and non-tasters wher e tasters showed higher hedonic ratings (Mean 4-25), as compared to non-tasters (Mean 3-70) and this difference was more evident after the glucose load in non-tasters.(21) More recently, genetic analysis of bitter tasters and non-tasters have shown that a polymorphism in TAS2R38 is associated with differences in ingestive behavior of the two groups, which may in turn be linked to the development of pre-diabetes and T2D.(22) However, by far the most delectable observations have been reported by Wang et al., who observed significant differences in plasma levels of leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and insulin-like growth factors-1 between tasters and non-tasters to PTC.(4) They also found a positive correlation between plasma levels of glucose and body mass index (BMI) exclusively in non-tasters which indicate that besides the regulation of food consumption, taste perception also appears to be snugly linked to the circulating metabolic hormones. It is proposed by the previous investigators and supported by the authors of current study that people with different taste sensitivity may respond differently to the nutrient stimulation. More robust investigations probing into the link between taste perception and peripheral metabolic control could potentially lead to the development of novel therapies for obesity or Type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: Supertasters are less whereas tasters and non-tasters are more likely to have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further work is encouraged to unveil the link between taste perception to PTC and T2D. Acknowledgements We acknowledge the participating institutions, their staff members, patients and healthy volunteers for their cooperation. We are thankful to Prof. Dr. Tehseen Iqbal, Professor of Physiology at Dera Ghazi Khan Medical College, DG Khan, Pakistan for his critical, analytic and logistic help without that this research would have never been completed. References: 1.Kim UK, Jorgenson E, Coon H, Leppert M, Risch N, Drayna D. Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide. Science. 2003 Feb 21;299(5610):1221-5. 2.Schmidt B, Dragano N, Scherag A, Pechlivanis S, Hoffmann P, Nothen MM, et al. Exploring genetic variants predisposing to diabetes mellitus and their association with indicators of socioeconomic status. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:609. 3.Banerjee M, Saxena M. Genetic polymorphisms of cytokine genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2014 Aug 15;5(4):493-504. 4.Wang R, van Keeken NM, Siddiqui S, Dijksman LM, Maudsley S, Derval D, et al. Higher TNF-alpha, IGF-1, and Leptin Levels are Found in Tasters than Non-Tasters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014;5:125. 5.Bustos-Saldana R, Alfaro-Rodriguez M, Solis-Ruiz Mde L, Trujillo-Hernandez B, Pacheco-Carrasco M, Vazquez-Jimenez C, et al. [Taste sensitivity diminution in hyperglycemic type 2 diabetics patients]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2009 Sep-Oct;47(5):483-8. 6.Hajnal A, Covasa M, Bello NT. Altered taste sensitivity in obese, prediabetic OLETF rats lacking CCK-1 receptors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2005 Dec;289(6):R1675-86. 7.Robino A, Mezzavilla M, Pirastu N, Dognini M, Tepper BJ, Gasparini P. A Population-Based Approach to Study the Impact of PROP Perception on Food Liking in Populations along the Silk Road. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(3):e91716. 8.Behrens M, Meyerhof W. Bitter taste receptors and human bitter taste perception. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2006 Jul;63(13):1501-9. 9.Behrens M, Bartelt J, Reichling C, Winnig M, Kuhn C, Meyerhof W. Members of RTP and REEP gene families influence functional bitter taste receptor expression. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 21;281(29):20650-9. 10.Guo SW, Reed DR. The genetics of phenylthiocarbamide perception. Ann Hum Biol. 2001 Mar-Apr;28(2):111-42. 11.Bartoshuk LM, Duffy VB, Miller IJ. PTC/PROP tasting: anatomy, psychophysics, and sex effects. Physiol Behav. 1994 Dec;56(6):1165-71. 12.Keller KL, Reid A, MacDougall MC, Cassano H, Song JL, Deng L, et al. Sex differences in the effects of inherited bitter thiourea sensitivity on body weight in 4-6-year-old children. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Jun;18(6):1194-200. 13.Saraswathi YS, Najafi M, Vineeth VS, Kavitha P, Malini SS. Association of phenylthiocarbamide taste blindness trait with early onset of childhood obesity in Mysore. Journal of Paramedical Sciences. 2011;2(4):6-11. 14.Hussain R, Shah A, Afzal M. Distribution of sensory taste thresholds for phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste ability in North Indian Muslim populations. The Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2013;14:367-74. 15.Raziq MA, Farog A, Iqbal T, Ahmed A. Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) Taste Sensitivity and Blood Groups in Students at Bahawalpur. Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College. 2011;2(1):152-4. 16.Iqbal T, Ali A, Atique S. Prevalence of Taste Blindness to Phenylthiocarbamide in Punjab. Pakistan Journal of Physiology. 2006;2(2):35-7. 17.Yu JH, Shin MS, Lee JR, Choi JH, Koh EH, Lee WJ, et al. Decreased sucrose preference in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014 May;104(2):214-9. 18.Wasalathanthri S, Hettiarachchi P, Prathapan S. Sweet taste sensitivity in pre-diabetics, diabetics and normoglycemic controls: a comparative cross sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2014;14:67. 19.Gascon C, Santaolalla F, Martinez A, Sanchez Del Rey A. Usefulness of the BAST-24 smell and taste test in the study of diabetic patients: a new approach to the determination of renal function. Acta Otolaryngol. 2013 Apr;133(4):400-4. 20.Ali SG, Azad Khan AK, Mahtab H, Khan AR, Muhibullah M. Association of phenylthiocarbamide taste sensitivity with diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh. Hum Hered. 1994 Jan-Feb;44(1):14-7. 21.Bhatia S, Sharma KN. Taste impairment for glucose in diabetic PTC tasters and non-tasters. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1991 Jul;12(3):193-9. 22.Dotson CD, Shaw HL, Mitchell BD, Munger SD, Steinle NI. Variation in the gene TAS2R38 is associated with the eating behavior disinhibition in Old Order Amish women. Appetite. 2010 Feb;54(1):93-9.

Crime and Punishment and Raskolnikovs article, On Crime :: Crime Punishment Essays

Crime and Punishment and Raskolnikov's article, "On Crime" Raskolnikov's article, "On Crime," is vital to the understanding of his beliefs. This article also has a profound effect on Crime and Punishment as a whole, the subject matter being one of the main themes of the novel. The idea of the "extraordinary man" is referred to literally throughout the book, but also notable is the subconscious effect the idea has on Raskolnikov. Sometimes Raskolnikov is not even aware of this influence. It is important to note originality, or the ability to "utter a new word," as a defining characteristic of the extraordinary man. Therefore, we must take into account the presence of similar ideas, those of Pisarev, Nietzsche, and nihilism, as these might bring to light the possibility that Raskolnikov is not original, a possibility that haunts him throughout the novel. Within the article Raskolnikov analyzes the psychology of a criminal before and after the crime. This main portion of the article is not discussed, but it is likely that the psychological explanation that Porfiry gives Raskolnikov later, in the examination, is very similar. During this later examination, Raskolnikov appears resentful, but never disputes what Porfiry tells him, perhaps because it is a regurgitation of Raskolnikov's own thoughts. In the last meeting of the two men, Porfiry admits that he liked the article very much, and actually felt a connection with it. The one part of the main body of the article that is mentioned is "that the perpetration of a crime is always accompanied by illness" (225). Porfiry comments that this idea is very original; Raskolnikov welcomes this praise. Shortly, Porfiry moves on to the main topic of their discussion, a topic only mentioned briefly in the article, the idea that "certain persons...have a perfect right to commit breaches of morality and crimes" (225). Raskolnikov immediately realizes that Porfiry is intentionally exaggerating the idea, and "decided to take up the challenge" (226). Dostoevsky lets the reader know that the conversation will be a battle of wits. The ensuing argumentative dialogue makes the passage very entertaining, especially in contrast to later interviews between the two, in which Porfiry does nearly all the talking (he loves to hear himself talk). Raskolnikov attempts to clarify his idea, explaining that the "extraordinary" people have the right, but are not bound, to "overstep obstacles" if it is "essential" for the fulfillment of their idea.

Leadership in a Global Environment

Management vs. Leadership Management Leadership – Vision & strategy – Keeping an eye on the horizon – Creating shared values – Helping others grow – Reducing boundaries – Focusing on people – Based on personal power – Acting as a coach – Emotional connections – Open mind – Listening – Nonconformity – Insight into self – Creates change and a culture of integrity Source: Daft (2008), p. 15 Leadership Direction: Planning & budgeting – Keeping an eye on the bottom line – Organizing & staffing – Directing & controlling – Creating boundaries – Focusing on products – Based on position power – Acting as boss – Emotional distance – Expert mind – Talking – Conformity – Insight into organization Alignment: Relationships: Personal Qualities: Outcomes: – Maintains stability – Creates culture of efficienc y Definition of culture Internet in Leadership Germany Members of a group or a society sharing a distinct way of life with common values, attitudes and behaviors that are transmitted over time in a gradual, yet dynamic process.Source: Harris, J. E. / Moran, R. T. (1979). International Context Culture Bbehavior Values Attitudes Source: Adler (2002) p. 17. Values – attitudes – behavior Internet in Leadership Germany Values => explicit or implicit desirable to an individual or group => influences the selection from available modes, mearns and ends of action International Context => can be both consciously and unconsciously Attitudes => expresses values and disposes a person to act or react in a certain way to something Bbehavior => any form of human action Source: Adler ( 2002), p. 18. Linking values to behavior Internet in Leadership GermanyBbehavior Value Sample Countries/Areas China/Thailand Australia/United States 1 2 Use of understatement Asking people to call you by your first name Taking off from work to attend the funeral of an aunt Not helping the person next to you on an exam Disagreeing openly with someone at a meeting Not laying off an older worker whose performance is weak H Indirectness F Informality Centrality of family Self-reliance 3 B Venezuela/Korea International Context 4 5 6 I Switzerland/Canada Germany/England A Directness E Respect for age Japan/Pakistan 7 At a meeting agreeing with a suggestion you think is wrong D Saving faceAsia generally 8 Inviting the teaboy to eat lunch with you in your office J Egalitarianism Cambodia/Vietnam 9 Asking the headmaster's opinion about something you're an expert on G Defence to authority India/Brazil 10 Accepting, without question that something can't be changed C External Control Saudi Arabia/Turkey Source: www. uop. edu/sis/culture. Culture: The hidden dimension Culture has observable aspects and suspected, imagined, or intuited. Internet in Leadership Germany Holiday customs Facial expre ssions Paintings Food Music Eating habits Literature Concept of personal space Work ethic GesturesInternational Context Rules of social etiquete Religious beliefs Concept of beauty Childraising beliefs Importance of time Values Concept of leadership Concept of fairness Concept of self General world view Nature of friendship Source: www. uop. edu/sis/culture. Cultural dimensions by Hofstede Internet in Leadership Germany – based on the first and most detailed cross-cultural research study – national culture explained more of the differences in work-related values and attitudes than did position, profession, age or gender International Context 1. Power distance . Individualism 3. Masculinity 4. Uncertainty avoidance 5. Long term orientation Source: www. geert-hofstede. com. Power distance Internet in Leadership Germany 1. Power distance = degree of equality, or inequality, between people in the country's society. International Context High Power Distance – Core va lue: respect for status – Core distinction: powerful/dependant – Key element: centralization Low Power Distance – Core value: people‘s equality – Core distinction: whether or not responsible for a certain task – Key element: decentralization Individualism 2.